The present article tries to emphasize the roll of the experimental logic in the process of education-learning of the methodology of the investigation. Its treatment usually appears as material for the later boarding of the explanation or the calls explanatory designs or explanatory reconnaissanc..

According to the continuity hypothesis of dreaming and contemporary psychodynamic approaches, dreams reflect waking life. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and dreaming in adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Italy, Romania and Croatia involving 2,105 secondary school students. No substantial differences between countries were found. Thirty-one percent of the participants reported heightened dream recall, 18% noticed an increase in nightmares during the lockdown, and 15% of the provided dreams included (...) pandemic-related content. The results indicate that subjective emotional reactions to lockdown had a significantly higher correlation to dreaming than objective distress. These findings suggest that attention to dreams should be included in preventive programs for adolescents with pandemic-related stress. (shrink)

This paper proposes and analyzes the psychometric properties of the PREVI-A scale. It describes the process of item development, the factorial structure of the scale, reliability, evidence of validity and diagnostic performance with regard to recidivism risk in juvenile offenders. The sample was made up of 212 juvenile offenders held at detention centers run by the Madrid Agency for Reeducation and Reintegration of Juvenile Offenders, a regional government body. Statistical analyses were used to corroborate the theoretical factorial structure of the (...) PREVI-A, which consists of six risk/protection dimensions based on the Risk-Needs-Responsivity Model, and to obtain empirical support for the reliability and validity of PREVI-A as a tool to assess the risk of recidivism by juvenile offenders in Spain. (shrink)

RESUMO Busco traçar uma articulação teórica em torno de duas obras póstumas de Mikhail Bakhtin e Yuri Lotman, expoentes chave para pensar a cultura sob uma perspectiva semiótica. Nessas produções tardias, os dois pensadores expõem um interesse compartilhado em refletir como o medo se materializa, podendo-se ler em textos concretos que buscam explicar os fenômenos que estão ocorrendo no horizonte cultural. Nesse sentido, Lotman e Bakhtin estão focados em investigar a aparência regular de um conjunto de princípios e motivos que (...) seriam sistematicamente atualizados na relação entre laços sociais e medo. Meu objetivo vai além do descritivo para delinear aparatos críticos sobre o medo na perspectiva semiótica, à luz da interpretação desses artigos que mantêm o poder heurístico e fornecem um instrumento para iniciar uma reflexão sobre esse modo cultural de sentimento.ABSTRACT I seek to draw a theoretical articulation around two posthumous works by Mikhail Bakhtin and Yuri Lotman, key exponents to think about culture from a semiotic perspective. In these late productions, both thinkers expose a shared interest in reflecting how fear materializes, being able to be read in concrete texts that seek to account for the phenomena that are occurring on the cultural horizon. In this sense, Lotman and Bakhtin focus on investigating the regular appearance of a set of principles and motives that would be systematically updated in the relationship between social ties and fear. My purpose is not only to describe, but also to outline a critical apparatus about fear from a semiotic perspective, in light of the interpretation of these articles that keep heuristic power and provide an instrument to initiate a reflection on this cultural mode of feeling.RESUMEN Busco trazar una articulación teórica en torno a dos trabajos póstumos de Mikhail Bakhtin y Yuri Lotman, exponentes clave para pensar la cultura desde una perspectiva semiótica. En estas producciones tardías, ambos pensadores exponen un interés compartido por reflexionar de qué manera el miedo se materializa, pudiendo leerse en textos concretos que buscan dar cuenta de los fenómenos que van produciéndose en el horizonte cultural. En tal sentido, Lotman y Bakhtin se abocan a indagar sobre la aparición regular de un conjunto de principios y motivos que se actualizarían, sistemáticamente, en la relación entre lazo social y miedo. Mi propósito irá más allá de lo descriptivo para esbozar aparato crítico sobre el miedo en perspectiva semiótica, a la luz de la interpretación de estos artículos que guardan potencia heurística y proveen de un instrumental para iniciar una reflexión sobre este modo cultural del sentir. (shrink)

El presente artículo se ocupa de las postura de Aristóteles y Diodoro Crono en torno a la necesidad lógica. Allí se muestra que Aristóteles rechaza la necesidad lógica, mediante la negación de la aplicación universal del principio de bivalencia, para preservar el valor de la deliberación. En segundo lugar se muestra que Diodoro cae en un fatalismo al sostener, mediante sus nociones modales, que hay tipos de eventos lógicamente contingentes, aunque todos los sucesos particulares del mundo son necesarios.

Some arguments are presented in this paper where it can be stated that the truth that philosophy seeks is not the truth that matches with the verification interests of knowledge instrumentalization or pragmatism (Rorty) present in contemporary philosophy (Rorty). Aside from the unavoidable reality of human necessities and from the instruments that allow science and technology, as well as its own meaning (thanks to knowledge), which are necessary for human life, it is still a priority to explain a personal, “existential (...) truth” that requires a belief system conversion. This belief system conversion would be the philosophy’s starting point and not a “question about the oblivion of the being” (Heidegger), nor an ethic (Lévinas). (shrink)

In the present study a historiographical review is performed according to the main hypotheses have been proposed from a Darwinian point of view to analyse religion. First, the basic pillars of Darwinian theory are analysed: variation, inheritance and selection. Keeping in mind these previous ideas, Darwinists theorists have analysed the religion well as neutral phenomenon while exaptation, as a non-adaptive phenomenon from a memetic perspective while anachronism and as an adaptive phenomenon from a single and multilevel standpoint. Finally, a critical (...) review is realised about problems and solutions of each perspective. (shrink)

The descriptive viewpoint in rational choice has generated an important Standard Rational Choice Theory revision. This viewpoint has meant the introduction of relevant psychological considerations that Rational Choice Theory tied to the neoclassical economics is unable to heed In this paper I suggest a way to expand the descriptive viewpoint by theorizing how some factors, coming from the social and cultural environment, operate within rational choice. That troublesome issue concerning the overall validity of economic laws is also a question here; (...) specifically, if these descriptive proposals expand the explanation of the disturbing causes of economic laws, or if they actually call into question their fundamental principles, encouraging consideration of some economic issues in a quite new, different manner. (shrink)

This article traces commonalities between the practices of visual animation and modern law through a political and jurisprudential reading of the animated film Ratatouille. It contends that Ratatouille’s treatment of the ontological and anthropological problem of the human soul not only addresses the philosophical complexities inherent to animation, but also the ideological and material conditions that currently govern the practice of égaliberté in contemporary liberal democracies.

Este trabajo despliega un análisis de las formas y las medidas de los proyectos barrios parque, según la denominación que asumieron durante la primera mitad del siglo XX un grupo particular de suburbios residenciales a lo largo del proceso de configuración del conurbano bonaerense. En esta oportunidad, se presenta el re-dibujo a escala de dichas piezas comprendidas en la expansión de los partidos del oeste del Gran Buenos Aires, con el fin de permitir un análisis detallado y comparativo que contribuya (...) a comprender mejor a las propias piezas y su contribución a la formación de áreas de expansión residencial de baja densidad.A través de un abordaje descriptivo-cualitativo, se analizaron los trazados de los barrios, el trazado viario, la superficie de las parcelas y de los bloques que las contienen (manzanas), así como también las tipologías de edificación.Entre sus características más conocidas, destaca su contribución a la formalización de una periferia con bajas densidades de ocupación y predominancia de espacios vacíos sobre llenos. Sin embargo, lo que identifica la formación de barrios parques en Argentina, y más en general, la formación de grandes áreas suburbanas es la consolidación de áreas verdes privadas, relegadas a los interiores de las manzanas y particionadas por una grilla de muros medianeros que pone en duda la imagen suburbana de “casitas en medio del verde”. (shrink)

Sara Alonso Gomez présente le début de sa traduction du livre de Sianne Ngai sur les catégories esthétiques. Trois nouvelles catégories semblent nécessaires à côté du sublime et du beau, pour rendre compte de la manière dont les expériences privées façonnent les discours esthétiques : le mignon qui renvoie à Adorno et à la consommation, le zinzin qui renvoie à Nietzsche et à la production, l’intéressant qui renvoie à Frédéric Schlegel et à la circulation.

The relationships among character strengths (forgiveness and gratitude), happiness, and pro-social bystander behavior in bullying were analyzed. The sample includes 500 (early adolescents) and 500 (middle adolescents) of both genders, between 12 and 18 years old (M age = 14.70, SD = 1.58). Two structural equation models were calculated. Results of the first model indicated that forgiveness, gratitude, and happiness had a direct positive relation with pro-social bystander behavior. Furthermore, human strengths were indirectly related to prosocial behavior in bullying for (...) this effect in happiness. The second model showed that pro-social bystander behavior had a positive effect on human strengths and happiness. Multi-group analyses indicated that gender and stage of adolescence did not moderate the relations found in the model. Overall findings suggest a reciprocal relationship between character strengths, happiness, and pro-social bystander behavior. (shrink)

Since the 1990s, the reality television phenomenon has transformed the face of television in many countries. In Spain, for instance, the private domain has gradually invaded the public domain in an attempt to increase audience ratings and also reflect patterns of asymmetrical societal organization. Different television formats, which range from docusoaps to the most blatant examples of so-called ‘voyeur television’, have occupied the prime-time hours. In particular, a wide range of reality television shows has taken the place that mini-series, sitcoms (...) and films of the week used to occupy. These reality television programmes show the transformation of the private domain into one which can be manipulated and incorporated as an essential element in the theatricalization of the intimate experiences of anonymous people. By addressing the relationship between mothering and gendered styles, this study adds to the field of research on reality television research by investigating language and gender within the institutional setting of a docusoap and throwing light on the discursive strategies which two different generations of women use to express anger and assertiveness and impose on others. The study reveals that the strategies used by the Spanish female teenagers under scrutiny are associated with hostile laddish verbal behaviour, whereas the mothers’ strategies relate to an instrumental view of aggression. (shrink)

It is argued that epistemological naturalism is the result of a holistic thesis plus a high valuation of empirical science. Epistemological naturalism criticizes the sceptic for entertaining unjustified global doubts and naturalism tries to avoid scepticism by taking for granted as non-problema..

It is pretended to show the influence Cervantes had on Freud. Freud was worried about the psychic disorders. He was also disappointed by the methods of psychiatry had at that time. Freud was very interested in the plays of Cervantes, especially in El coloquio de los perros and El Quixote, where reality and illusion, and the relationship between sanity and insanity are their central axes. One of the possible readings of the great play is the one where limits between reason (...) and unreason are not clear, to the point of achieving “the reason of the unreasonableness”, which would make it understandable and explicable. Real fantasy, fantastic reality, the demarcation between them was one of the topics that worried Freud. Freud is not a simple lawyer of the irrationality, but he also tries to find “the reason of the unreasonableness” that neurotics show in the symptoms he tried to explain in detail. (shrink)